Horace Cooper

Credentials

Background

Horace Cooper is a senior fellow at the Heartland Institute. He is also a director of the National Center for Public Policy Research (NCPPR), where he co-chairs Project 21’s National Advisory Board. According to his staff profile, Cooper is also an adjunct fellow with the NCPPR and “averages over 400 talk radio appearances per year representing Project 21, in addition to regular television appearances and interviews by the print media, also for Project 21.”³ ⁴

NCPPR describes Project 21 as “the National Leadership Network of Black Conservatives” and as an initiative “to promote the views of African-Americans whose entrepreneurial spirit, dedication to family and commitment to individual responsibility has not traditionally been echoed by the nation’s civil rights establishment.”⁵

Cooper is listed as President/Secretary (“P/S”) in public SEC filings for a group called the Energy Equality Coalition (EEC), which has fought “to end taxpayer subsidies and ensure a level playing field for middle-class American energy consumers” by ending subsidies to assist consumers in buying and charging electric vehicles. The EEC has maintained similar messaging to the now-defunct group Fueling US Forward (FUSF), and The New York Times noted that Cooper spoke at the same conference as FUSF President and CEO Charles Drevna.⁶ ⁷ ⁸

He is also senior fellow of both The Institute for Liberty (IFL) and the Heartland Institute, the latter which has been at the forefront of denying man’s influence on climate change. Cooper formerly worked with Richard (Dick) K. Armey, who went on to chair FreedomWorks until leaving the organization in 2012. FreedomWorks was formed as a merger between Citizens for a Sound Economy (CSE) and Empower America. CSE was founded by the Koch brothers in 1984 in an effort to promote deregulation. CSE/FreedomWorks received as much as $12,331,712 in Koch funding from 1986 to 2002, according to Greenpeace data. The IFL does not disclose its funders.⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹

According to leaked 2012 budget documents from The Heartland Institute, Cooper appears under a personnel list of individuals who were paid to work for Heartland in 2011, however would be either paid much less or unpaid in 2012. The document describes Cooper as formerly “a legislative specialist working out of our Washington DC office since 2010” until he “was let go mid-year after we concluded he wasn’t the right guy to lead a new and expanded Free to Choose Medicine project.” The budget notes “He will be replaced in 2012 by Vince Galbiati” and that “Horace remains an unpaid senior fellow.”¹²

Cooper’s archived profile at GOPUSA notes that he was called a Republican “Top Gun” in a Washington Times profile, “confirmed cigar smoker (profiled in Cigar Aficionado),” and former Chief of Staff and Deputy Director of the Voice of America for a year.¹³

From 2005 to 2007, Cooper was an assistant professor of law at George Mason University School of Law (GMUSL). As documented by Greenpeace, George Mason University is one of the largest recipients of Koch funding of any organization. His biography notes that he also “served in senior capacities in the George W. Bush Administration including stints as chief of staff at the Voice of America and the Dept of Labor’s Employment Standards Administration.”¹⁴ ¹⁵

Indictment in Jack Abramoff Scandal

In 2009, Cooper was indicted on five charges alleging he received gifts from former Washington lobbyists Jack Abramoff and Neil G. Volz while Cooper worked as the chief of staff for Voice of America (VOA) and later as chief of staff for the Employment Standards Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). The indictment included “one count of conspiracy, one count of fraudulent concealment, two counts of false statements, and one count of obstruction of an official proceeding, which could result in a maximum sentence of 40 years and a fine of $250,000.”¹⁶

“Cooper was required to report the gifts he received from Abramoff and Volz on his annual financial disclosure form because the value of these gifts exceeded the limits established by federal regulation. According to court documents, DOL ethics officials and his supervisors were deprived of critical information as a result of Cooper’s failure to report these gifts, which was necessary to determine whether Cooper had an actual or potential conflict of interest between his public responsibilities and his private interests and activities,” an archived FBI statement read.¹⁷

View the full indictment below:

Horace Cooper Criminal Indictment (Text)
Prosecutors contended that Cooper had used his influence to help Abramoff get federal funds from the Department of State and assist a colleague of Abramoff to resolve an investigation at the Labor department.¹⁸

The five-count felony indictment was dropped to a misdemeanor in exchange for a guilty plea by Cooper. In April 2010, Cooper pleaded guilty to the charges of making and using a false certificate or writing. Cooper also admitted that in 2003 he solicited and accepted gifts from Abramoff and Neil G. Volz, and that he had concealed his receipt of these gifts from DOL officials and his supervisors.¹⁹ ²⁰

Stance on Climate Change

2015

In 2015, Horace Cooper appeared on Thom Hartmann’s “The Big Picture Rumble” panel where he argued against climate change regulations:²¹

“Poor people are disproportionately impacted by climate change regulation policies,” Cooper said. “They’re overwhelmingly going to be the front line of those harmed by these policies.” [7:41]

On Abortion

March 11, 2016

Horace Cooper has been a strong opponent of abortion and Planned Parenthood. In an episode of “The Big Picture,” he described organizations assisting with abortion as “the butchers who kill the unborn”:²²

February 2016

Speaking on “The Big Picture with Thom Hartmann,” Cooper claimed that organizations like Planned Parenthood “enjoy killing as much as [they] can”:²³

“The lion’s share of Planned Parenthood’s work is killing people. They ought to call it death care, not health care. But if they wanted to operate with impunity, they should do so without taxpayer support. You will find the scrutiny goes away completely once they decide we are an abortion industry and we enjoy killing as much as we can,” Cooper said on the program.²⁴

After this, Hartmann put up a chart showing that only 3% of planned parenthood’s services got to abortion, and noted that “not one federal dollar goes to abortion.” Cooper responded:²⁵

“I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again: I want to do to Planned Parenthood what you want to do to Walmart. […] I want to regulate them, I will raise their cost of doing business, I will make sure that every place they want to locate that the government locally doesn’t want to approve it. […] and Walmart is doing a wonderful job and doesn’t kill people.”²⁶

February 2012

Writing at the National Center for Policy Analysis, Cooper described a rule under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that would provide coverage for birth control as an “attempt to suppress basic expressions of religious faith” and “a direct violation of the First Amendment.”²⁷

Key Quotes

July 14, 2017

Cooper criticized Al Gore for comparing activism on climate change to the civil rights movement:²⁸

“Study after study demonstrate that the radical climate policies advocated by Al Gore, Jr. will hurt blacks and the poor most. Just as segregation and interracial marriage bans were purported to be for the good of all while clearly done to generate political support, today’s climate alarmism is pushed solely to get the support of a small group of so-called eco-warriors at the expense of blacks. Please spare us any more of this,” Cooper said in a NCPPR press release.²⁹

Key Deeds

April 6, 2020

Horace Cooper, representing Project 21, is signatory to an American Energy Alliance letter to President Donald Trump supporting the Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles Rule which would scrap federal fuel economy mandates under the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program.³⁰

Describing CAFE, the letter contends: “Those families and individuals who prefer or need trucks, SUVs, and crossovers pay more to subsidize those who buy smaller vehicles or electric vehicles under the existing mandate. This significant, needless, and unjust cost is a very real regressive tax on American families that has made our country worse off.”³¹

April 3, 2020

Horace Cooper, representing Project 21, praised President Donald Trump’s decision to roll back fuel efficiency mandates as part of the “Safer Affordable Fuel Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles” rule. According to the Project 21 press release, Cooper’s organization had already been calling for the complete elimination of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards in its “Blueprint for a Better Deal for Black America.” Fuel efficiency mandates on automakers “make cars less affordable and less safe,” it claimed in the Blueprint publication.³²

Horace Cooper also wrote a public comment opposing CAFE standards and advocating for the “SAFE” rule in October 2018, claiming the fuel economy standards “have a very negative impact on vehicle safety while even the proponents of climate change regulation acknowledge that they will provide only a trivial moderation of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions.”³³

Cooper concluded: “Increasing black hardship and placing drivers’ safety at greater risk for such a small payoff is simply irrational.”³⁴

June 12, 2018

In a letter to then-EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt and Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao on behalf of the National Center for Public Policy Research’s Project 21 Black Leadership Network, Cooper praised the decision to reduce CAFE fuel economy and emissions standards.³⁵

Cooper and his co-chairmen suggested Obama-era regulations would have a negative impact on minority communities:

“The Black community has been prevented from reaching its full potential not only by racial factors, but by non-racial ones as well. Excessive regulatory costs that make products unaffordable are one of the most significant non-racial obstacles to black economic progress.”³⁶

The letter also requested future regulatory proposals consider potential economic effects on minorities prior to approval.³⁷

August 19, 2017

Cooper appeared on “The Big Picture with Thom Hartmann” to debate military spending, jobs, and climate change:³⁸

December 8, 2016

Horace Cooper was a moderator at the “At the Crossroads III Energy and Climate Summit,” an event co-hosted by the Heritage Foundation and the Texas Public Policy Foundation (TPPF). The event was billed as “the premier energy-and-climate policy event in America,” and attracted a range of prominent climate change deniers as well as a range of names connected to Donald Trump and his transition team.³⁹

Speakers included:

August 2016

According to The New York Times, Cooper delivered a speech on energy policy at the National Black Political Convention in Gary, Ind. The conference, which included Fueling US Forward as a sponsor, was also attended by FUSF President and CEO Charles Drevna.⁴⁰

February 2012

According to the appearance schedule on his website, Cooper planned to attend the twelfth Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Washington, DC. Notable sponsors included Altria, The Heritage Foundation, and Koch Industries, among many others.⁴¹ ⁴²

July 11–14, 2012

According to the appearance schedule on his website, the 2012 “FreedomFest” conference in Las Vegas, Nevada was on his upcoming agenda. The Heartland Institute, Heritage Foundation, and institute for Justice were all listed as “Gold” level exhibitors for that year’s conference.⁴³ ⁴⁴

March 2011

Cooper opposed a ban on menthol cigarettes. He wrote, “This coming war on menthol is a study in contradictions that will affect all Americans regardless of race and whether they smoke.”⁴⁵

April 7, 2010

Horace Cooper pleaded guilty to charges of making and using a false certificate or writing and admitted that in 2003 he solicited and accepted gifts from former Washington lobbyists Jack A. Abramoff and Neil G. Volz.⁴⁶

“Cooper was required to report the gifts he received from Abramoff and Volz on his annual financial disclosure form because the value of these gifts exceeded the limits established by federal regulation. According to court documents, DOL ethics officials and his supervisors were deprived of critical information as a result of Cooper’s failure to report these gifts, which was necessary to determine whether Cooper had an actual or potential conflict of interest between his public responsibilities and his private interests and activities,” an archived FBI statement read.⁴⁷

Cooper was indicted on public corruption as noted in a 2009 FBI press release:⁴⁸

“The five-count indictment charges Horace M. Cooper, 44, of Lorton, Va., with one count of conspiracy, one count of fraudulent concealment, two counts of false statements, and one count of obstruction of an official proceeding. U.S. Magistrate Judge Alan Kay today issued a criminal summons directing Cooper to make an initial appearance in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on Wednesday, Sept. 9, 2009, at 1:45 p.m,” the FBI press release read.⁴⁹

The indictment alleged that while Cooper worked as the chief of staff for Voice of America (VOA) and later as chief of staff for the Employment Standards Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), “Cooper conspired with Jack A. Abramoff, a former Washington, D.C., lobbyist, and others, to defraud the United States of his honest services and of its right to have federal executive branch business conducted without improper influence” and also for accepting gifts “to influence or reward Cooper for official acts as a federal executive branch employee.”⁵⁰

Politico reported that the allegations included Cooper receiving more than $5,000 in tickets to sporting events and concerts from Abramoff while working for Dick Armey between 1998 and 2001, and another $9,000 in tickets while he worked at the Voice of America and later at the Labor Department. Prosecutors contended that Cooper had used his influence to help Abramoff get federal funds from the Department of State and assist a colleague of Abramoff to resolve an investigation at the Labor department. View the full indictment here.⁵¹

The indictment quotes an email from Cooper’s personal account, around March 28, 2003, when Cooper emailed lobbyist Neil Volz (emphasis added):⁵²

“Okay, I’ll take them [2 tickets to a Baltimore Orioles game]. Thanks. But I’d really like to talk with you. How about via telephone. I really would like to make sure that if there are problems that I can “fix” that I get as much notice as possible. Two firms have recently been fined before the front office got a chance to have any input in the decision. If things are going well, then okay. But if not, and there’s something that I can do, I’m willing to help. I’ve got two 30 minute windows today at 2 and 3 pm.” ⁵³

The indictment also alleged that Cooper regularly messaged Volz and Abramoff from his personal account “in order to conceal his actions from his employers and the public,” and that Cooper “concealed the things of value he received from Abramoff, Volz, other Firm B lobbyists, and their clients by failing to report them to his supervisors or ethics officials.”⁵⁴

The five-count felony indictment was dropped to a misdemeanor in exchange for a guilty plea by Horace Cooper. “My family and I are so grateful that this ordeal is over. It will be so good to get this whole thing behind me,” said Cooper. The original sentence he faced would be up to 40 years and a fine of $250,000. The revised sentence would be a maximum of six months in prison and a $500 fine.⁵⁵

February 20–22, 2010

According to the event list on his website, Cooper attended the RightOnline Conference of Americans for Prosperity (AFP). While the 2010 conference isn’t archived online, the 2011 RightOnline conference described its past iteration as a place where “over 1,100 grassroots activists and bloggers from around the country came together to learn, meet, and exchange ideas on how we can advance conservative policies.”⁵⁶ ⁵⁷

Rep. Mike Pence was a speaker at the 2010 conference, according to Alternet.⁵⁸

Americans for Prosperity, which has received a total of at least $11,900,078 from Koch-controlled foundations according to data from the Conservative Transparency project, has been criticized for “using the guise of nonprofit status to work, behind a screen of anonymity, on behalf of the Kochs’ corporate and political interests.” ⁵⁹ ⁶⁰ ⁶¹

Affiliations

Cooper doesn’t appear to maintain personal social media accounts, although the following accounts can be found for NCCPR and Project21:

@Project21News on Twitter.
Project21 on Facebook.

Publications

According to his personal bio, Cooper “has appeared on CNN, MSNBC and Fox News as well as in a variety of print publications.” The NCPPR also offers a number of samples of Cooper’s publications, including a playlist of his live appearances:⁷⁸ ⁷⁹

Other Resources

“Author of right-wing voter fraud ‘study’ on probation for Jack Abramoff-connected fakery,” Daily KOS, August 3, 2012.
“NEW Abramoff Indictment: Aide to Dick Armey, Sweatshop Protector, and Beck defender,” Daily KOS, August 22, 2009.

^{* Profile image screenshot of Horace Cooper speaking on the O’Rielly Factor, via NCPPR on YouTube.}

Resources

1
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
2
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
3
“The National Center For Public Policy Research Current Board Of Directors” (PDF), National Center for Public Policy Research, May 13, 2015. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmogBlog.
4
“Horace Cooper,” National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/WMb1q
5
“ABOUT PROJECT 21,” National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/a4I6M
6
“2017 Annual Report: Energy Equality Coalition,” Commonwealth of Virginia State Corporation Commission. Archived November 15, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/9wphC
7
Energy Equality Coalition Homepage, Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/rkGyj
8
Hiroko Tabuchi. “Sensing Gains Ahead Under Trump, the Kochs Court Minorities,” The New York Times, January 5, 2017. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/bGwNl
9
“HORACE COOPER,” The Heartland Institute. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/o5W21
10
“Exclusive: Dick Armey Quits Tea Party Group in Split Over Direction (UPDATED),” Mother Jones, December 4, 2012. Archived November 15, 2017.
11
“Citizens for a Sound Economy (disbanded – now FreedomWorks): Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group,” Greenpeace USA. Archived March 14, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/NJnFT
12
“2012 Proposed Budget” (PDF), The Heartland Institute, January 15, 2012. See Page 6.
13
“Horace Cooper,” GOPUSA. Archived May 23, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/GZcUY
14
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
15
“Koch Pollution on Campus,” Greenpeace. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/pKAz4
16
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
17
“Former Department of Labor Chief of Staff Pleads Guilty for Failing to Report Gifts from Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff,” The Federal Bureau of Investigation (Archives.fbi.gov), April 7, 2010. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mvECT
18
Josh Gerstein. “Ex-Armey aide indicted in Abramoff probe,” Politico, August 21, 2009. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/0kNM4
19
Paul Bedard. “Justice Gives up Bungled Abramoff-Related Lobbying Case,” U.S. News &World Report, April 7, 2010. Archived November 19, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/ssTCH
20
“Former Department of Labor Chief of Staff Pleads Guilty for Failing to Report Gifts from Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff,” The Federal Bureau of Investigation (Archives.fbi.gov), April 7, 2010. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mvECT
21
“Horace Cooper on Trans Fat Ban, Pope’s Climate Change Encyclical,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” June 25, 2015. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
22
“Are Abortionists Really ‘Butchers’?” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” March 12, 2016.
23
“Exposers of Planned Parenthood Should Be Hailed as Good Journalists,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” February 5, 2016.
24
“Exposers of Planned Parenthood Should Be Hailed as Good Journalists,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” February 5, 2016.
25
“Exposers of Planned Parenthood Should Be Hailed as Good Journalists,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” February 5, 2016.
26
“Exposers of Planned Parenthood Should Be Hailed as Good Journalists,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” February 5, 2016.
27
“The Birth Control Mandate is Unconstitutional,” National Policy Analysis No. 632 (February 2012.) Archived July 18, 2012. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/sejmM
28
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS CRITICIZE AL GORE FOR COMPARING CLIMATE ACTIVISM TO CIVIL RIGHTS, ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENTS,” National Center for Public Policy Research, July 14, 2017. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/OQm4A
29
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS CRITICIZE AL GORE FOR COMPARING CLIMATE ACTIVISM TO CIVIL RIGHTS, ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENTS,” National Center for Public Policy Research, July 14, 2017. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/OQm4A
30
CAFE-Coaliton-to-Trump-April-2020-9 (PDF), American Energy Alliance.
31
CAFE-Coaliton-to-Trump-April-2020-9 (PDF), American Energy Alliance.
32
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS CHEER TRUMP ADMINISTRATION FOR EASING FUEL EFFICIENCY MANDATE,” Project 21, April 3, 2020. Archived April 9, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/qsM1v
33
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS SUPPORT TRUMP FUEL EFFICIENCY PLAN IN PUBLIC COMMENTS,” Project 21, October 26, 2018. Archived April 9, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/wip/eZvTS
34
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS SUPPORT TRUMP FUEL EFFICIENCY PLAN IN PUBLIC COMMENTS,” Project 21, October 26, 2018. Archived April 9, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/wip/eZvTS
35
“Dear Secretary Chao and Administrator Pruitt” (PDF), Project 21, June 12, 2018.. Retrieved from National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
36
“Dear Secretary Chao and Administrator Pruitt” (PDF), Project 21, June 12, 2018.. Retrieved from National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
37
“Dear Secretary Chao and Administrator Pruitt” (PDF), Project 21, June 12, 2018.. Retrieved from National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
38
“Horace Cooper Debates Military Spending, Jobs and Climate Change,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” August 19, 2017.
39
“At the Crossroads III: Energy and Climate Policy Summit,” Heritage Foundation, December 8, 2016. Archived December 22, 2016. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/AKaKq
40
Hiroko Tabuchi. “Sensing Gains Ahead Under Trump, the Kochs Court Minorities,” The New York Times, January 5, 2017. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/bGwNl
41
“Appearances,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/z9OvA
42
“2012 Sponsors,” CPAC 2012. Archived February 19, 2012. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/btQHD
43
“Appearances,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/z9OvA
44
“Gold,” FreedomFest2012. Archived June 3, 2012. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/lFgGp
45
“The Coming War on Menthol Cigarettes,” National Center for Policy Analysis, March 2011. Archived May 25 2011. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/AEyjL
46
“Former Department of Labor Chief of Staff Pleads Guilty for Failing to Report Gifts from Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff,” The Federal Bureau of Investigation (Archives.fbi.gov), April 7, 2010. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mvECT
47
“Former Department of Labor Chief of Staff Pleads Guilty for Failing to Report Gifts from Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff,” The Federal Bureau of Investigation (Archives.fbi.gov), April 7, 2010. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mvECT
48
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
49
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
50
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
51
Josh Gerstein. “Ex-Armey aide indicted in Abramoff probe,” Politico, August 21, 2009. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/0kNM4
52
“United States of America v. Horace M. Cooper, Defendant” (PDF), Case 1:09-cr-00209-ESH, August 21, 2009.
53
“United States of America v. Horace M. Cooper, Defendant” (PDF), Case 1:09-cr-00209-ESH, August 21, 2009.
54
“United States of America v. Horace M. Cooper, Defendant” (PDF), Case 1:09-cr-00209-ESH, August 21, 2009.
55
Paul Bedard. “Justice Gives up Bungled Abramoff-Related Lobbying Case,” U.S. News & World Report, April 7, 2010. Archived November 19, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/ssTCH
56
“Appearances,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/z9OvA
57
“About,” RightOnline. Archived May 3, 2011. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mqX5Q
58
Adele M. Stan. “Tea Party Inc.: The Big Money and Powerful Elites Behind the Right Wing’s Latest Uprising,” Alternet, October 24, 2010. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/gvuy8
59
“Americans for Prosperity,” Conservative Transparency. Accessed June 5, 2017.
60
“Americans for Prosperity Foundation,” Conservative Transparency. Accessed June 5, 2017.
61
Jane Mayer. “Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right,” January 19, 2016.
62
“2017 Annual Report: Energy Equality Coalition,” Commonwealth of Virginia State Corporation Commission. Archived November 15, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/9wphC
63
“The National Center For Public Policy Research Current Board Of Directors” (PDF), National Center for Public Policy Research, May 13, 2015. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmogBlog.
64
“Horace Cooper,” National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/WMb1q
65
“HORACE COOPER,” The Heartland Institute. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/o5W21
66
“Horace Cooper, Senior Fellow in Legal Policy,” Institute for Liberty. Archived August 11, 2011. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/6PCrx
67
“HORACE COOPER,” The Heartland Institute. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/o5W21
68
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
69
“Horace Cooper, Senior Fellow in Legal Policy,” Institute for Liberty. Archived August 11, 2011. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/6PCrx
70
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
71
“Horace Cooper,” GOPUSA. Archived May 23, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/GZcUY
72
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
73
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
74
“Biography,” HoraceCooper.com. Archived July 1, 2007. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/Tz5UJ
75
“Horace Cooper,” GOPUSA. Archived May 23, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/GZcUY
76
“Horace Cooper,” GOPUSA. Archived May 23, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/GZcUY
77
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
78
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
79
“Horace Cooper,” National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/WMb1q

1
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
2
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
3
“The National Center For Public Policy Research Current Board Of Directors” (PDF), National Center for Public Policy Research, May 13, 2015. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmogBlog.
4
“Horace Cooper,” National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/WMb1q
5
“ABOUT PROJECT 21,” National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/a4I6M
6
“2017 Annual Report: Energy Equality Coalition,” Commonwealth of Virginia State Corporation Commission. Archived November 15, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/9wphC
7
Energy Equality Coalition Homepage, Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/rkGyj
8
Hiroko Tabuchi. “Sensing Gains Ahead Under Trump, the Kochs Court Minorities,” The New York Times, January 5, 2017. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/bGwNl
9
“HORACE COOPER,” The Heartland Institute. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/o5W21
10
“Exclusive: Dick Armey Quits Tea Party Group in Split Over Direction (UPDATED),” Mother Jones, December 4, 2012. Archived November 15, 2017.
11
“Citizens for a Sound Economy (disbanded – now FreedomWorks): Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group,” Greenpeace USA. Archived March 14, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/NJnFT
12
“2012 Proposed Budget” (PDF), The Heartland Institute, January 15, 2012. See Page 6.
13
“Horace Cooper,” GOPUSA. Archived May 23, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/GZcUY
14
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
15
“Koch Pollution on Campus,” Greenpeace. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/pKAz4
16
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
17
“Former Department of Labor Chief of Staff Pleads Guilty for Failing to Report Gifts from Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff,” The Federal Bureau of Investigation (Archives.fbi.gov), April 7, 2010. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mvECT
18
Josh Gerstein. “Ex-Armey aide indicted in Abramoff probe,” Politico, August 21, 2009. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/0kNM4
19
Paul Bedard. “Justice Gives up Bungled Abramoff-Related Lobbying Case,” U.S. News &World Report, April 7, 2010. Archived November 19, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/ssTCH
20
“Former Department of Labor Chief of Staff Pleads Guilty for Failing to Report Gifts from Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff,” The Federal Bureau of Investigation (Archives.fbi.gov), April 7, 2010. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mvECT
21
“Horace Cooper on Trans Fat Ban, Pope’s Climate Change Encyclical,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” June 25, 2015. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
22
“Are Abortionists Really ‘Butchers’?” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” March 12, 2016.
23
“Exposers of Planned Parenthood Should Be Hailed as Good Journalists,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” February 5, 2016.
24
“Exposers of Planned Parenthood Should Be Hailed as Good Journalists,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” February 5, 2016.
25
“Exposers of Planned Parenthood Should Be Hailed as Good Journalists,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” February 5, 2016.
26
“Exposers of Planned Parenthood Should Be Hailed as Good Journalists,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” February 5, 2016.
27
“The Birth Control Mandate is Unconstitutional,” National Policy Analysis No. 632 (February 2012.) Archived July 18, 2012. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/sejmM
28
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS CRITICIZE AL GORE FOR COMPARING CLIMATE ACTIVISM TO CIVIL RIGHTS, ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENTS,” National Center for Public Policy Research, July 14, 2017. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/OQm4A
29
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS CRITICIZE AL GORE FOR COMPARING CLIMATE ACTIVISM TO CIVIL RIGHTS, ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENTS,” National Center for Public Policy Research, July 14, 2017. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/OQm4A
30
CAFE-Coaliton-to-Trump-April-2020-9 (PDF), American Energy Alliance.
31
CAFE-Coaliton-to-Trump-April-2020-9 (PDF), American Energy Alliance.
32
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS CHEER TRUMP ADMINISTRATION FOR EASING FUEL EFFICIENCY MANDATE,” Project 21, April 3, 2020. Archived April 9, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/qsM1v
33
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS SUPPORT TRUMP FUEL EFFICIENCY PLAN IN PUBLIC COMMENTS,” Project 21, October 26, 2018. Archived April 9, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/wip/eZvTS
34
(Press Release). “BLACK ACTIVISTS SUPPORT TRUMP FUEL EFFICIENCY PLAN IN PUBLIC COMMENTS,” Project 21, October 26, 2018. Archived April 9, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/wip/eZvTS
35
“Dear Secretary Chao and Administrator Pruitt” (PDF), Project 21, June 12, 2018.. Retrieved from National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
36
“Dear Secretary Chao and Administrator Pruitt” (PDF), Project 21, June 12, 2018.. Retrieved from National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
37
“Dear Secretary Chao and Administrator Pruitt” (PDF), Project 21, June 12, 2018.. Retrieved from National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
38
“Horace Cooper Debates Military Spending, Jobs and Climate Change,” YouTube video uploaded by user “National Center for Public Policy Research,” August 19, 2017.
39
“At the Crossroads III: Energy and Climate Policy Summit,” Heritage Foundation, December 8, 2016. Archived December 22, 2016. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/AKaKq
40
Hiroko Tabuchi. “Sensing Gains Ahead Under Trump, the Kochs Court Minorities,” The New York Times, January 5, 2017. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/bGwNl
41
“Appearances,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/z9OvA
42
“2012 Sponsors,” CPAC 2012. Archived February 19, 2012. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/btQHD
43
“Appearances,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/z9OvA
44
“Gold,” FreedomFest2012. Archived June 3, 2012. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/lFgGp
45
“The Coming War on Menthol Cigarettes,” National Center for Policy Analysis, March 2011. Archived May 25 2011. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/AEyjL
46
“Former Department of Labor Chief of Staff Pleads Guilty for Failing to Report Gifts from Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff,” The Federal Bureau of Investigation (Archives.fbi.gov), April 7, 2010. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mvECT
47
“Former Department of Labor Chief of Staff Pleads Guilty for Failing to Report Gifts from Former Lobbyist Jack Abramoff,” The Federal Bureau of Investigation (Archives.fbi.gov), April 7, 2010. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mvECT
48
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
49
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
50
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
51
Josh Gerstein. “Ex-Armey aide indicted in Abramoff probe,” Politico, August 21, 2009. Archived November 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/0kNM4
52
“United States of America v. Horace M. Cooper, Defendant” (PDF), Case 1:09-cr-00209-ESH, August 21, 2009.
53
“United States of America v. Horace M. Cooper, Defendant” (PDF), Case 1:09-cr-00209-ESH, August 21, 2009.
54
“United States of America v. Horace M. Cooper, Defendant” (PDF), Case 1:09-cr-00209-ESH, August 21, 2009.
55
Paul Bedard. “Justice Gives up Bungled Abramoff-Related Lobbying Case,” U.S. News & World Report, April 7, 2010. Archived November 19, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/ssTCH
56
“Appearances,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/z9OvA
57
“About,” RightOnline. Archived May 3, 2011. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/mqX5Q
58
Adele M. Stan. “Tea Party Inc.: The Big Money and Powerful Elites Behind the Right Wing’s Latest Uprising,” Alternet, October 24, 2010. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/gvuy8
59
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60
“Americans for Prosperity Foundation,” Conservative Transparency. Accessed June 5, 2017.
61
Jane Mayer. “Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right,” January 19, 2016.
62
“2017 Annual Report: Energy Equality Coalition,” Commonwealth of Virginia State Corporation Commission. Archived November 15, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/9wphC
63
“The National Center For Public Policy Research Current Board Of Directors” (PDF), National Center for Public Policy Research, May 13, 2015. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmogBlog.
64
“Horace Cooper,” National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/WMb1q
65
“HORACE COOPER,” The Heartland Institute. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/o5W21
66
“Horace Cooper, Senior Fellow in Legal Policy,” Institute for Liberty. Archived August 11, 2011. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/6PCrx
67
“HORACE COOPER,” The Heartland Institute. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/o5W21
68
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
69
“Horace Cooper, Senior Fellow in Legal Policy,” Institute for Liberty. Archived August 11, 2011. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/6PCrx
70
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
71
“Horace Cooper,” GOPUSA. Archived May 23, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/GZcUY
72
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
73
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
74
“Biography,” HoraceCooper.com. Archived July 1, 2007. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/Tz5UJ
75
“Horace Cooper,” GOPUSA. Archived May 23, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/GZcUY
76
“Horace Cooper,” GOPUSA. Archived May 23, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/GZcUY
77
“Former Government Official Indicted on Public Corruption Charges Related to Ongoing Abramoff Investigation,” Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington Field Office, August 21, 2009. Archived January 13, 2010. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/IXOBP
78
“Biography,” Horace Cooper. Archived November 16, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/w5UOi
79
“Horace Cooper,” National Center for Public Policy Research. Archived November 17, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/WMb1q

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